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克劳德 莫奈 作品画册专辑 |
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克劳德 莫奈 作品画册专辑 |
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克劳德 莫奈 作品画册专辑 |
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克劳德 莫奈 作品画册专辑 |
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克劳德 莫奈 作品画册专辑 |
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克劳德 莫奈 作品画册专辑 | |||||||||||||||
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克劳德·莫奈（Claude Monet 1840-1926）简介：莫奈在台湾亦称莫内、莫内特
莫奈（1840年—1926年）于1840年在巴黎出生，少年时代在面对英吉利海峡的港口城市拉·阿布尔度过。他没有按照画家的常路走，而是以画漫画起家，在画漫画方面有了一些名声，并受到欧仁· 布丹 的注意。布丹注重外光的油卤技巧给莫奈留下了深刻的印象。1874年的那次展览，同《印象·日出》一起，莫奈一共展出了12幅习作。布丹曾对莫奈说“当场画下的任何东西，总是有一种以后在画室里所不可能取得的力量、真实感和笔法的生动性。”莫奈在他今后的绘画生涯中也是按布丹说的话去做的，因为在他的内心里充满了对大自然的热爱。
不久，莫奈又被荷兰的画家约翰·巴托尔·德· 琼康 （Johan Barthold Jongkind）的创作所吸引。这位画家以动荡、兴奋、活泼而且比他同时代的法国人更为活跃的笔触画小桥、村景、河岸和破旧的茅草屋。莫奈就是从布丹和琼康那里接受到了基本艺术修养的。
1859年，莫奈来到巴黎，在那里见识到了居斯塔夫· 库尔贝 （Gustave Courbet, 1819-1877）、让-巴蒂斯特·卡米耶 · 柯罗 （Jean Baptiste Camille Corot, 1796-1875）以及爱德华· 马奈 （Edouard Manet, 1832-1883）的创作。他认真鉴赏了他们的绘画长处，并且以惊人的速度运用了他们的成就。但莫奈并不是他们的追随者，而是一个反叛者。莫奈并不想在学院完成他的学画过程，他只在1863年在格莱尔学院的画室里呆了一段时间。当他遇到了 巴齐依 （Frederic Bazille）、阿尔弗莱德· 西斯莱 (Alfred Sisley, 1839-1899)和皮埃尔·奥古斯特· 雷诺阿 (Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1841-1919)以后，他便劝说他们也放弃那些学字派课程。当格莱尔学院的画室停办后，他便把他的伙伴们带到枫丹白露林边的一个小村庄——舍依，在那里画户外写生。
当莫奈离开了格莱尔学院画室后，他并没有去充实他那相当贫乏的艺术修养，而是怀着火热的信念投入了自然生活的纯直觉观察；他根本不买各种理论学说的帐，而是发展出自己的一套绘画方法。
莫奈一生对造型漠不关心，他关心的是正确的层次关系。正是因为莫奈对造型格格不入，所以他能够轻而易举地表现出他所确实看见的事物，但也正因为此，他却表现不出事物的幻觉真实感。
莫奈不只满足于能够画他所看到的事物和按照他所看见的那种方式来做画；他想要创造一种独特的效果，达到一种在绘画上似乎是不可能达到的目的。他喜欢所有使人眼花缭乱的东西，他描绘的河水、天空、房屋和树木都洋溢着非同寻常的生命感。他的内心满怀着难以遏止的激动；从他的观念看他是一个现实主义者，然而从他本性看，他却是一个幻想家。
晚年的莫奈在自己的宅邸中种植了许多睡莲，他因为风湿病已不能在画架前作画，便在家里客厅的墙壁上，用绑着长杆子的油画笔作睡莲的写生，水光花影，斑驳闪耀，虽然已经不像青年时代那样严谨、认真，但其敏锐而独到的色彩观察力，却丝毫不减当年。如今他画过睡莲的这座宅队已经开辟为莫奈纪念馆，珍藏着许多印象派画家的作品。
克劳德·莫奈（Claude Monet 1840-1926）是最典型的印象派画家（ 印象主义 画家集团的核心人物），而且是印象派绘画的创始人之一，人称“印象派之父”。 直到1926年以86岁高龄去世。
《日出·印象》 莫奈
1872年，莫奈创作了扬名于世的“印象日出”。这幅油画描绘的是透过薄雾观望阿佛尔港口日出的景象。直接戳点的绘画笔触描绘出晨雾中不清晰的背景，多种色彩赋予了水面无限的光辉，并非准确地描画使那些小船依稀可见。这幅画在1874年3月25日开幕的印象派画家第１次联合展览会上展出，作品是莫奈画作中最具典型的一幅。
莫奈《日出·印象》理解：
莫奈的《印象·日出》一画，既与“印象主义”这一名称的由来直接相关，又是体现印象主义绘画特色的代表作。这是莫奈描绘法国勒阿弗尔港口的一幅风景画。画面上一片朦胧的水上风光，云雾中涌出一轮光彩夺目的红日。
这一作品的画法与传统的画法相比，是近乎速写式的，甚至显得有些草率，但是，它生动地描绘了融化在晨曦和朝雾中的光和色，准确地描绘了莫奈对日出时转瞬即逝的海港景色的鲜明印象。而印象主义画派所追求的正是要准确地捕捉这种瞬间的光色变化。然而，西方人长期看惯了传统的画法精细的油画，乍一看这种粗放的近乎速写式的油画，自然要感到吃惊和很不理解。
克劳德·莫奈（Claude Monet 1840-1926）风格：
他蔑视各种陈规旧习，重视对现实的观察研究，追求表现瞬间的视觉印象，根据画家的视觉感受作画。为此他经常到各地旅行写生，观察大自然景色的变化，捕捉阳光、空气在物体上的微妙变化。他的一生精力主要用在外光的探索上。
他描绘不同时间阳光照射下景物所反映的色泽，使画家对色彩的观察理解大大地深入了一步。在彩色照相尚未发明之前，像莫奈这样对自然色调的如此观察入微是很令人叹服的。
克劳德·莫奈（Claude Monet 1840-1926）所处的时代背景：（19世纪法国美术发展）
法国大革命时代的作品《马拉之死》，它是 新古典主义 艺术家大卫的作品。 大卫 曾在拿破仑执政时担任宫廷首席画家。他的弟子 安格尔 曾在意大利担任过法兰西美术学院院长。在国内被看作是 学院派 的领袖。从他的《泉》等作品，我们可以看到他圆润流畅的线条和扎实的素描功夫。
法国浪漫主义美术的第一位代表是《梅杜萨之筏》的作者 席里柯 ，有法国的 米开朗基罗 之称。
后来高举浪漫主义大旗的是 德拉克罗瓦 —相信大家对他的作品《自由引导人民》不会陌生吧。他的色彩一流，以致左拉称赞说“他的调色板是沸腾的”。
19世纪30年代兴起了写实主义运动。出现了独特风格的法国风景画派——巴比松画派。主要代表人物有 科罗 等。
19世纪写实主义的三大代表是 米勒 、 库尔贝 和 杜米埃 。杜米埃的作品象文学上的巴尔扎克一样带有鲜明的批判色彩。
19世纪70年代，印象主义崛起。画派的名称来自被称作“水上 拉斐尔 ”莫奈的《日出·印象》。著名画家很多，还有： 马奈 、 西斯莱 、 毕沙罗 、 雷诺阿 、 德加 等。
80年代又出现了新印象主义，自称为科学的印象主义，代表人物有《大碗岛的一个星期日下午》的作者 修拉 。
80年代以后，出现了后印象主义，它是印象主义的反对派，强调主观世界的揭示；形体开始出现夸张和变形，三大代表是： 梵高 、 高更 和 塞尚 。高更更被推崇为 “现代绘画之父”，作品有《塔希岛》等。
19世纪的雕塑界也是人才辈出。凯旋门上的浮雕《马赛曲》作者吕德，以及巴里、卡尔波等。
19世纪的下半期，出现了罗丹。
Monet, Claude (b. Nov. 14, 1840, Paris, Fr.--d. Dec. 5, 1926, Giverny)
French painter, initiator, leader, and unswerving advocate of the Impressionist style. He is regarded as the archetypal Impressionist in that his devotion to the ideals of the movement was unwavering throughout his long career, and it is fitting that one of his pictures--Impression: Sunrise (Musée Marmottan, Paris; 1872)--gave the group his name.
1840 Birth of Claude Oscar MONET on November 14th in Paris.
1845 The family moves to Le Havre.
1857 Death of his mother Louise Monet.
1858 Claude Monet meets Eugène Boudin who encourages him to paint out of doors.
1859 Monet comes to Paris and enters the Swiss Academy.
1860 Monet meets Pissaro and Courbet.
1863 Monet discovers Manet's painting and paints "en plein air" in the Fontainebleau forest.
1864 Monet stays in Honfleur with Boudin, Bazille, Jondkind. He meets his first art lover : Gaudibert.
1865 Monet's paintings are submitted for the first time to the official Salon. Camille Doncieux his lady friend and Bazille pose for Le Dejeuner sur l'herbe (the Picnic).
1867 Birth of his first son Jean Monet while Claude Monet is in Sainte-Adresse.
1868 Monet tries to commit suicide. He receives a pension from Mr Gaudibert. He paints in Fecamp and Etretat.
1869 Monet settles in the village of Saint-Michel near Bougival where he paints in company of Renoir.
1870 Monet marries Camille, Courbet is his witness. They take refuge in London when the war begins.
1871 Monet meets Durand-Ruel in London with Pissaro and Daubigny. Death of his father. Monet settles at Argenteuil after visiting the Netherlands.
1873 Monet meets Caillebotte.
1874 Monet exhibits "Impression : sunrise" at the first Impressionist exhibition in the studio of Nadar.
1876 Monet meets Ernest and Alice Hoschedé.
1877 Bankruptcy of Ernest Hoschedé. Monet paints the Saint-Lazare train station.
1878 Birth of Michel Monet, his second son. Monet and his family settle at Vétheuil in compagny of the family Hoschedé.
1879 Death of Camille.
1881 The family moves to Poissy.
1883 Monet rents a house at Giverny. He will stay there for 43 years.
1887 Monet exhibits in New-York thanks to Durand-Ruel.
1889 Monet exhibits with Rodin.
1890 Monet purchases the house in Giverny and begins the digging for the nympheas basin.
1891 Death of Ernest Hoschedé. Monet paints the series of Meules (Haystacks) and of Peupliers (Poplars)
1892 Monet paints the Rouen Cathedrals series. He marries Alice in July.
1894 Visit of Mary Cassatt and of Cézanne at Giverny. Rodin, Clémenceau and Geffroy are present.
1900 Monet paints several views of the Japanese bridge. He takes several trips to London and paints views of the Thames.
1904 Monet travels to Madrid and admires the paintings of Velasquez.
1907 First problems with his eyesight. Monet discovers Venice.
1911 Death of Alice.
1914 Death of Jean, Monet's eldest son. Blanche moves to live near Claude Monet.
1916 The artist decides to build a large studio of 23 m x 12m at Giverny.
1916 - 1926 Claude Monet works on twelve large canvas, The Water Lilies. Following the signing of the Armistice, Monet offers to donate them to France. Theses paintings will be installed in an architectural space designed specifically for them at the museum of the Orangerie in Paris.
1923 Monet is nearly blind. He has an operation from the cataract in one eye. His sight improves.
1926 In February Monet is still painting. But he suffers from lung cancer. He dies on December 5th. He is buried in a simple ceremony at Giverny. His friend Georges Clémenceau attends the ceremony.
Claude Monet by himself
In 1900, Monet has become famous. On the occasion of an exhibition in Paris a journalist of the Temps, Thiébault-Sisson, made him tell his life. On November 26, 1900 the newspaper Le Temps published this autobiography in which Monet builds himself his legend. The text is spicy but doesn't always reflect reality faithfully ...
His youth was spent in Le Havre, where he first excelled as a caricaturist but was then converted to landscape painting by his early mentor Boudin, from whom he derived his firm predilection for painting out of doors. In 1859 he studied in Paris at the Atelier Suisse and formed a friendship with Pissarro. After two years' military service in Algiers, he returned to Le Havre and met Jongkind, to whom he said he owed `the definitive education of my eye'. He then, in 1862, entered the studio of Gleyre in Paris and there met Renoir, Sisley, and Bazille, with whom he was to form the nucleus of the Impressionist group. Monet's devotion to painting out of doors is illustrated by the famous story concerning one of his most ambitious early works, Women in the Garden (Musée d'Orsay, Paris; 1866-67). The picture is about 2.5 meters high and to enable him to paint all of it outside he had a trench dug in the garden so that the canvas could be raised or lowered by pulleys to the height he required. Courbet visited him when he was working on it and said Monet would not paint even the leaves in the background unless the lighting conditions were exactly right.
During the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) he took refuge in England with Pissarro: he studied the work of Constable and Turner, painted the Thames and London parks, and met the dealer Durand-Ruel, who was to become one of the great champions of the Impressionists. From 1871 to 1878 Monet lived at Argenteuil, a village on the Seine near Paris, and here were painted some of the most joyous and famous works of the Impressionist movement, not only by Monet, but by his visitors Manet, Renoir and Sisley. In 1878 he moved to Vétheuil and in 1883 he settled at Giverny, also on the Seine, but about 40 miles from Paris. After having experienced extreme poverty, Monet began to prosper. By 1890 he was successful enough to buy the house at Giverny he had previously rented and in 1892 he married his mistress, with whom he had begun an affair in 1876, three years before the death of his first wife. From 1890 he concentrated on series of pictures in which he painted the same subject at different times of the day in different lights---Haystacks or Grainstacks (1890-91) and Rouen Cathedral (1891-95) are the best known. He continued to travel widely, visiting London and Venice several times (and also Norway as a guest of Queen Christiana), but increasingly his attention was focused on the celebrated water-garden he created at Giverny, which served as the theme for the series of paintings on Water-lilies that began in 1899 and grew to dominate his work completely (in 1914 he had a special studio built in the grounds of his house so he could work on the huge canvases).
In his final years he was troubled by failing eyesight, but he painted until the end. He was enormously prolific and many major galleries have examples of his work.
Dejeuner
by Claude Monet 81.3 x 61.0 cmWater Lilies
by Claude Monet 78.7 x 61.0 cmBoats at Argenteuil
by Claude Monet 99.1 x 71.1 cmIl Viale del Gardino
by Claude Monet 61.0 x 81.3 cmCampo di Papaveri
by Claude Monet 99.1 x 71.1 cmViolet Water Lilies
by Claude Monet 101.6 x 71.1 cmDie Treppe
by Claude Monet 71.1 x 99.1 cmField of Poppies
by Claude Monet 81.3 x 61.0 cmArtist`s Garden at Giverny 1900
by Claude Monet 99.1 x 71.1 cmII Bacino Di Argenteuil
by Claude Monet 99.1 x 71.1 cmCamille au Metier, 1875
by Claude Monet 61.0 x 91.4 cmViale Del Giardino
by Claude Monet 71.1 x 99.1 cmTulip Fields at Sasenheim
by Claude Monet 81.3 x 61.0 cmWaterlilies& Agapanthus
by Claude Monet 71.1 x 99.1 cmTulip Fields at Sasenheim
by Claude Monet 101.6 x 71.1 cmLe Pont Japonais
by Claude Monet 99.1 x 71.1 cmArtist's Garden in Argenteuil
by Claude Monet 99.1 x 71.1 cmWater Lilies
by Claude Monet 91.4 x 61.0 cm
